Kiowa Rockshelter (Level 10)
Basic information
Sample name: Kiowa Rockshelter (Level 10)
Reference: D. Gaffney, G. R. Summerhayes, S. Luu, J. Menzies, K. Douglass, M. Spitzer, and S. Bulmer. 2021. Small game hunting in montane rainforests: Specialised capture and broad spectrum foraging in the Late Pleistocene to Holocene New Guinea Highlands. Quaternary Science Reviews 253:106742 [ER 3701]
Geography
Country: Papua New Guinea
State: Chimbu
Coordinate: 5° 54' 30" S, 145° 8' 50" E
Time interval: Pleistocene - Holocene
Section: 3701
Unit number: 8
Unit order: above to below
Max Ma: 0.00992
Min Ma: 0.0093
Age basis: radiocarbon (uncalibrated)
Geography comments: "Kiowa is an irregularly shaped limestone rockshelter, about 6 m × 5.5 m, located in Chimbu province of the Central New Guinea Highlands".
"A small tributary to the Mae River is located about 20 m from the site".
Dates for Levels 10-11 of the deposit range from 9920 ± 200 BP to 9300 ± 200 BP.
"A small tributary to the Mae River is located about 20 m from the site".
Dates for Levels 10-11 of the deposit range from 9920 ± 200 BP to 9300 ± 200 BP.
Environment
Lithology: limestone
Taphonomic context: human accumulation,rock shelter
Archaeology: hearths,stone tools
Habitat comments: "Kiowa was first occupied during the terminal Pleistocene, with regular occupations continuing until the Mid-Late Holocene ... Level 3 represents the most recent undisturbed habitation deposit, with all underlying levels down to base of excavations characterised by radiating ash lenses, denoting short-duration hearths".
"Few bone and shell artefacts and pottery sherds were excavated from Kiowa; lithics comprise the bulk of the cultural material".
"Few bone and shell artefacts and pottery sherds were excavated from Kiowa; lithics comprise the bulk of the cultural material".
Methods
Life forms: bats,rodents,other large mammals,other small mammals,snakes
Sampling methods: quarry
Sample size: 441 specimens
Years: 1960
Sampling comments: "During the 1960 excavations at Kiowa sieves were not used and specimens were collected by hand".
"Following excavation, all cranial and mandibular material along with worked bone, eggshell, and large bones were kept for later analysis. However, due to transportation difficulties only a small subsample of post-cranial material filling two c. 30 × 30 cm bags from each level was retained".
"Following excavation, all cranial and mandibular material along with worked bone, eggshell, and large bones were kept for later analysis. However, due to transportation difficulties only a small subsample of post-cranial material filling two c. 30 × 30 cm bags from each level was retained".
Metadata
Sample number: 3903
Contributor: Benjamin Carter
Enterer: Benjamin Carter
Created: 2022-02-19 12:16:14
Modified: 2023-04-29 06:14:40
Abundance distribution
23 species
7 singletons
total count 441
geometric series index: 39.9
Fisher's α: 5.156
geometric series k: 0.7862
Hurlbert's PIE: 0.7370
Shannon's H: 1.8627
Good's u: 0.9841
Each square represents a species. Square sizes are proportional to counts.
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Register
| Dendrolagus sp. | 3 | |
| Dorcopsulus sp. | 8 | |
| Thylogale sp. | 10 | |
| Dorcopsis sp. | 1 | |
| Phalanger carmelitae/vestitus | 79 | |
| Phalanger orientalis | 4 | |
| Phalanger gymnotis | 15 | |
| also 25 Phalanger sp. | ||
| Pseudochirulus forbesi | 5 | |
| Pseudochirops corinnae | 12 | |
| Pseudochirops cupreus | 8 | |
| also 1 Pseudocheiridae indet. | ||
| Dactylopsila trivirgata | 1 | |
| Dactylopsila palpator | 1 | |
| Petaurus sp. | 1 | |
| Echymipera sp. | 6 | |
| Peroryctes sp. | 11 | |
| Dasyurus albopunctatus | 1 | |
| also 2 Dasyuridae indet. | ||
| Parahydromys asper | 3 | |
| Mallomys rothschildi | 3 | |
| Uromys anak | 2 | |
| also 3 "Rat sp." | ||
| Dobsonia magna | 199 | |
| Aproteles bulmerae | 66 | |
| Hipposideros diadema | 1 | 46.1 g insectivore |
| also 1 Hipposideros sp. and 3 Chiroptera indet. "Small bat sp." | ||
| Pythonidae indet. | 1 | |